High Quality Research Articles

Achieving a High Thermally Conductive One Micron AlN Deposition by High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering plus Kick.

High-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) plus kick is a physical vapor deposition method that employs bipolar microsecond-scale voltage pulsing to precisely control the ion energy during sputter deposition. HiPIMS plus kick for AlN deposition is difficult since nitride deposition is challenged by low surface diffusion and high susceptibility to ion damage. In this current study, a systematic examination of the process parameters of HiPIMS plus kick was conducted. Under optimized main negative pulsing conditions, this study documented that a 25 V positive kick biasing for AlN deposition is ideal for optimizing a high quality film, as shown by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy as well as optimal thermal conductivity while increasing high speed deposition (25 nm/min) and obtaining ultrasmooth surfaces (rms roughness = 0.5 nm). HiPIMS plus kick was employed to deposit a single-texture 1 μm AlN film with a 7.4° rocking curve, indicating well oriented grains, which correlated with high thermal conductivity (121 W/m·K). The data are consistent with the optimal kick voltage enabling enhanced surface diffusion due to ion-substrate collisions without damaging the AlN grains.

Putting the ready in readiness: A post-hoc analysis of surgeon performance during a military MASCAL in Afghanistan.

All military surgeons must maintain trauma capabilities for expeditionary care contexts, yet most are not trauma specialists. Maintaining clinical readiness for trauma and mass casualty care is a significant challenge for military and civilian surgeons. We examined the effect of a prescribed clinical readiness program for expeditionary trauma care on the surgical performance of 12 surgeons during a 60-patient MASCAL event. The sample included orthopaedic (4) and general surgeons (8) who cared for MASCAL victims at Hamad Karzai International Airport, Kabul, Afghanistan on 26 August 2021. One orthopaedic and two general surgeons had prior deployment experience. The prescribed program included three primary measures of clinical readiness: 1. expeditionary knowledge (exam score), 2. procedural skills competencies (performance assessment score), 3. clinical activity (operative practice profile metric). Data were attained from program records for each surgeon in the sample. Each of the 60 patient cases were reviewed and rated (performance score) by The Joint Trauma System's Performance Improvement Branch; a military-wide performance improvement organization. All scores were normalized to facilitate direct comparisons using effect size calculations between each pre-deployment measure and MASCAL surgical care. Pre-deployment knowledge and clinical activity measures met program benchmarks. Baseline pre-deployment procedural skills competency scores did not meet program benchmarks, however those gaps were closed through re-training, ensuring all surgeons met or exceeded the program benchmarks pre-deployment. There were very large effect sizes (Cohen's d) between all program measures and surgical care score, confirming the relationship between the program measures and MASCAL trauma care provided by the 12 surgeons. The prescribed program measures ensured all surgeons achieved pre-deployment performance benchmarks and provided high quality trauma care to our nation's servicemembers. Prognostic, Level III/IV.

Analysing the learning pathways of students in a large flipped engineering course

Recent advancements in educational technologies (learning management systems, online discussion forums, peer-learning tools) coupled with new methods of course delivery (e.g. blended, flipped, MOOCs) provide significant opportunities for universities to deliver challenging, high quality, yet engaging curriculum for students. In this paper, we examine the variations and similarities of student’s approaches to learning (learning pathways) by examining how well they performed in a large (N ~ 1000 student) first year engineering flipped classroom. The analysis focused on student’s performance in their assessment (formative and summative) as well as their online interaction with a range of tools purposely built to support students through peer learning and acquisition of resources and expertise. Analysis using k-means clustering reveals that students do in fact adopt a variety of successful pathways through the course. The unique aspects of this work lie in the use of analytics algorithms that whilst perhaps routinely utilised in data mining, are not as well utilised in better understanding patterns (successful or otherwise) of student interactions within a technology enhanced active learning environment that integrates theory with engineering practice.

[Exploration and contemplation of homogenized education of specialists in pulmonary and critical care medicine at member hospitals of a hospital consortium].

Talent construction is the cornerstone to the establishment of a high-quality, homogeneous healthcare system in a healthcare consortium. Pulmonary and critical care medicine (PCCM) as the first pilot specialty, the standardized training of PCCM specialists has started and achieved remarkable results. The consortium member hospitals' physician specialist education is an important complement to PCCM training. The establishment of the consortium provides a new form of the education of physicians in PCCM, with the advantages of high quality teaching, wide coverage of staff and throughout the career development process. This article summarized the current status of physician specialty education in the member hospitals of the consortium, and further proposes the goal of homogenized specialty education for physicians in the member hospitals. And it analyzed in depth the problems that existed in the practice of training for hospital consortium member hospitals specialists, such as non-uniform level of instruction, non-systematic content of training, limited sources of teaching cases, and lack of teaching materials and equipment. For the medical consortium member hospital physician specialty education of in-depth thinking, we put forward the corresponding countermeasures. The aim of this study is to explore the homogenization of the specialty education system of pulmonary and critical care medicine in the member hospitals, in order to comprehensively improve the medical level of respiratory specialists in the member hospitals of the medical consortium.

ECCE Education in the Global context: A Comparative Study of Private And Public ECCE Service Providers in the State of Bihar, India

The right to education of any child born in any country in the world starts from birth. But unfortunately, new UNESCO data shows that one in four children aged 5 never receives any form of pre-primary education (ECCE) in their lifetime. This report represents 35 million of the 137 million 5-year-old children worldwide. Early Childhood Care and Education Despite research proving the benefits of ECCE, only half of the countries worldwide guarantee free pre-primary education. Political will and ownership are vital to transforming the ECCE. The UNESCO review highlights progress in some countries, but much more is needed to successfully strengthen the capacity of these systems. This research has been done in the context of Bihar, India. The objective of this study is to assess the daily classroom activities conducted by private and public service providers of ECCE in Bihar and to identify the differences in various classroom activities and the facilities provided by them. A comparative study was conducted using random sampling to select 100 private and 100 public ECCE service providers across Bihar, India. Data collection involved interviews with teachers at these centers. Descriptive and thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in the interview data regarding daily classroom activities and facilities. In the research, the service systems of most of the private service providers were found to be of high quality, while the public service providers were found to be suffering from various deficiencies in classroom operations. Comparatively, the school service and classroom maintenance systems of private service providers were better than those of public service providers, while both types of service providers were trying their best to conduct ECCE classes. Research studies indicate that the government needs to focus on highlighting the issues related to ECCE and implementing special provisions for it. There is a need for various facilities, new standard norms, and new policies for private and public service providers in this area. The state government needs to take the necessary steps in this area. Through this process, ECCE will be able to develop in its new form. What the country needs most. Keywords: service providers, private, public, standards, norms, provisions, classroom activities, ECCE

GATA genotype and FY*B(-67T>C) polymorphism as a cheap and reliable tool to evaluate ethnicity in Brazilian patients submitted to autologous transplantation

Abstract Collecting high quality data on race and ethnicity is crucial for clinical research, notably in genetic association studies, to avoid confounding by different ethnic background among patients, a bias referred to as population stratification. In Brazil, to describe race we commonly use the National Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) classification, so-called “self-declared color”, but it is acknowledged that defining ancestry by phenotypic characteristics, especially in countries with highly mixed population like Brazil, can be misleading. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the GATA FY*B(-67T>C) polymorphism and self-declared race in Brazilian patients undergoing autologous transplantation and verify the feasibility of using this test as a more reliable tool to evaluate ethnicity in this population. Methods: We conducted a study to evaluate the association of candidate-gene polymorphisms and toxicities after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) in adult patients with lymphoma or myeloma from 2015 to 2021 in two Brazilian transplant centers. All patients with available DNA to study genetic polymorphisms were included. In this analysis we evaluate the association between GATA polymorphism and self-declared color in this cohort. Results: A total of 217 patients were included in this analysis. Median age at transplantation was 56 years (21-79) and 130 patients (59.9%) were male. Most patients were self-declared white (n=175, 80.6%) and the most common genotype was GATA67T/T (wild type/wild type) (n=142, 65.4%). Among the self-declared white patients, 73.1% were genotyped as GATA67T/T and 4.0% as GATA-67C/C, while among the non-white patients 21.4% were genotyped as GATA-67C/C (p<.001). The allele FY*B(-67T>C) frequency was 0.22 in the whole population; it was identified in 26.9% of the self-declared white patients and in 66.6% of the non-white (p<.001). Twelve-month overall survival was 86.6% (95% CI 79.9 - 91.2%), with no difference according to self-declared race (86.8% vs 85.5% for white and non-white patients, respectively, p=0.81) or the presence of the allele FY*B(-67T>C) (85.2% vs 89.9% for non-mutated and mutated patients, respectively, p=0.27). Conclusion: GATA FY*B(-67T>C) polymorphism is associated to self-declared race in Brazilian patients submitted to ASCT. Given the importance of correctly evaluating ancestry in genetic association studies in transplantation, GATA FY*B(-67T>C) polymorphism can be used as a more accurate tool in populations with mixed ethnic/racial background.

Mid‐Infrared Top‐Gated Ge0.82Sn0.18 Nanowire Phototransistors

AbstractAchieving high crystalline quality germanium‐tin (Ge1 − xSnx) semiconductors at Sn content exceeding 10% is quintessential to implement the long sought‐after silicon‐compatible mid‐infrared photonics. Herein, by using sub‐20 nm Ge nanowires as compliant growth substrates, Ge1 − xSnx alloys with a Sn content of 18% exhibiting a high composition uniformity and crystallinity along a few micrometers in the nanowire axial direction are demonstrated. The measured bandgap energy of the Ge/Ge0.82Sn0.18 core/shell nanowires is 0.322 eV enabling the mid‐infrared photodetection with a cutoff wavelength of 3.9 µm. These narrow bandgap nanowires are also integrated into top‐gated field‐effect transistors and phototransistors. Depending on the gate design, these transistors are found to exhibit either ambipolar or unipolar behavior with a subthreshold swing as low as 228 mV/decade at 85 K. Moreover, varying the top gate voltage from ‐1 to 5 V yields nearly one order of magnitude increase in the photocurrent of the nanowire phototransistor under a 2330 nm illumination. This study shows that the core/shell nanowire architecture with a very thin core not only mitigates the challenges associated with strain build‐up observed in thin films but also provides a promising platform for all‐group IV mid‐infrared photonics and nanoelectronics paving the way toward sensing and imaging applications.

Analysis of nutritional composition in opaque2- and crtRB1-based single- and double-biofortified super sweet corn.

Sweet corn has emerged as a favorite food item worldwide owing to its kernel sweetness. However, traditional sweet corn cultivars are poor in provitamin-A (proA) and essential amino acids, viz., lysine and tryptophan. So far, no sweet corn hybrid with high nutritional qualities has been commercialized elsewhere. Here, we analyzed accumulation of provitamin-A (proA), lysine, and tryptophan in a set of mutant versions of (i) crtRB1-, (ii) o2-, and (iii) crtRB1 + o2-based sweet corn inbreds and hybrids with (iv) traditional sweet corn (wild-type: O2 + CrtRB1). The crtRB1- and crtRB1 + o2-based genotypes possessed significantly higher proA (17.31ppm) over traditional sweet corn (2.83ppm), while o2- and crtRB1 + o2-based genotypes possessed significantly higher lysine (0.345%) and tryptophan (0.080%) over traditional sweet corn (lysine 0.169%, tryptophan 0.036%). Late sowing favored high kernel lysine, proA, and green cob yield among hybrids. Sweetness (17.87%) among the improved inbreds and hybrids was comparable to the original sweetcorn genotypes (17.84%). Among the four genotypic classes, crtRB1 + o2-based improved genotypes showed stronger association among traits over genotypes with o2 and crtRB1 genes alone. Significant association was observed among (i) proA and BC (r = 0.99), (ii) proA and BCX (r = 0.93), (iii) lysine and tryptophan (r = 0.99), and (iv) green cob yield with fodder yield (r = 0.73) in sweet corn hybrids. The study demonstrated that combining crtRB1 and o2 genes did not pose any negative impact on nutritional, yield, and agronomic performance. Sweet corn with crtRB1 + o2 assumes significance for alleviating malnutrition through sustainable and cost-effective approach.

Determination of optical properties of single crystal diamond substrates grown via welding-assisted microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition

Lab grown single crystal diamonds (SCDs) offer unrivalled hardness, a wide range of optical transparency, and supremely high thermal conductivity reliable materials to be a part of devices run at high frequency, temperature, and power. Effective synthesis techniques are essential in enhancing the potential applications of high-quality SCDs. This study aims to decrease the thermal contact resistance between diamond seeds and the molybdenum holder by utilizing welding material. Quality of grown diamond substrates (plates) were assessed by analysing optical properties through Raman, UV-Vis, and FT-IR spectroscopic methods. The findings revealed that the grown single-crystal diamonds have excellent transmittance (>70%) and absorption at 270 nm. Calculations also showed an average absorption coefficient of 1.1 cm−1, indicating the high quality of the grown SCDs with nitrogen impurities below 10 ppm. The absorption observed in the FTIR spectra, ranging from 1600 cm−1 to 2700 cm−1 with a peak at 2354.13 cm−1, is referred to as the “two phonon region,” which is a distinctive feature of the diamond phase.

A STUDY ON MARKETING STRATEGIES USED BY boAt

boAt is an Indian startup which was established in the year 2016 by its founders Aman Gupta and Sameer Mehta with the objective to provide high quality products at an affordable and suitable price for the consumers. The company offers to its consumers an affordable range of headphones, earphones, speakers and other accessories. The reason for the companys success can solely be credited to its affordable and cheap prices than compared to other competitors in the market and also because it caters to needs and preferences of the younger generations or the Gen-Z s in India. It also lays strong emphasis on design, boAt products often feature trendy aesthetics, vibrant colors, and unique designs, appealing to fashion-conscious consumer preferences. The companys ongoing product development demonstrates its dedication to innovation and technology , adding features like Bluetooth connectivity, waterproofing, and noise cancellation to enhance the user experience. KEYWORDS: Marketing Strategies, boAt, Consumer Preferences

Coherent optical coupling to surface acoustic wave devices

Surface acoustic waves (SAW) and associated devices are ideal for sensing, metrology, and hybrid quantum devices. While the advances demonstrated to date are largely based on electromechanical coupling, a robust and customizable coherent optical coupling would unlock mature and powerful cavity optomechanical control techniques and an efficient optical pathway for long-distance quantum links. Here we demonstrate direct and robust coherent optical coupling to Gaussian surface acoustic wave cavities with small mode volumes and high quality factors (>105 measured here) through a Brillouin-like optomechanical interaction. High-frequency SAW cavities designed with curved metallic acoustic reflectors deposited on crystalline substrates are efficiently optically accessed along piezo-active directions, as well as non-piezo-active (electromechanically inaccessible) directions. The precise optical technique uniquely enables controlled analysis of dissipation mechanisms as well as detailed transverse spatial mode spectroscopy. These advantages combined with simple fabrication, large power handling, and strong coupling to quantum systems make SAW optomechanical platforms particularly attractive for sensing, material science, and hybrid quantum systems.

Display performance optimization method for light field displays based on a neural network

Crosstalk between adjacent views, lens aberrations, and low spatial resolution in light field displays limit the quality of 3D images. In the present study, we introduce a display performance optimization method for light field displays based on a neural network. The method pre-corrects the encoded image from a global perspective, which means that the encoded image is pre-corrected according to the light field display results. The display performance optimization network consists of two parts: the encoded image pre-correction network and the display network. The former realizes the pre-correction of the original encoded image (OEI), while the latter completes the modeling of the display unit and realizes the generation from the encoded image to the viewpoint images (VIs). The pre-corrected encoded image (PEI) obtained through the pre-correction network can reconstruct 3D images with higher quality. The VIs are accessible through the display network. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method can reduce the graininess of 3D images significantly without increasing the complexity of the system. It is promising for light field displays since it can provide improved 3D display performance.

Relationship Quality Among Persons with Serious Mental Illness and Their Relatives: Rates and Correlates.

Supportive family relationships for persons with serious mental illness (SMI) are correlated with positive functional, health and mental health outcomes and are essential to the recovery process. However, there has been a dearth of research on positive family dynamics. Using multivariate logistic regression with a U.S. community-recruited sample of persons with SMI (N = 523), we examined the extent to which demographics, clinical characteristics, and supportive and problematic relationship interactions were associated with relationship quality with reference relatives (RR). Secondarily, we tested whether the relationship between routine limit-setting practices by RR toward participants and relationship quality was significantly mediated by perceived emotional overinvolvement using Baron and Kenny's four step method. High levels of relationship quality were reported by two-thirds of the sample. Relationship quality was positively associated with frequency of contact between participants and RR, participants helping RR with activities of daily living, and caregiving provided by RR to participants. High relationship quality was negatively associated with RR being parents or other family members (compared to romantic partners), perceived emotional overinvolvement of RR, and psychological abuse by RR toward participants. Clinical and demographic characteristics were not associated with relationship quality. Perceived emotional overinvolvement was found to be a mediator between routine limit-setting practices and relationship quality. These results can help direct clinicians in targeting factors that will likely enhance the process of recovery.

Volumetric Additive Manufacturing of SiOC by Xolography.

Additive manufacturing (AM) of ceramics has significantly contributed to advancements in ceramic fabrication, solving some of the difficulties of conventional ceramic processing and providing additional possibilities for the structure and function of components. However, defects induced by the layer-by-layer approach on which traditional AM techniques are based still constitute a challenge to address. This study presents the volumetric AM of a SiOC ceramic from a preceramic polymer using xolography, a linear volumetric AM process that allows to avoid the staircase effect typical of other vat photopolymerization techniques. Besides optimizing the trade-off between preceramic polymer content and transmittance, a pore generator is introduced to create transient channels for gas release before decomposition of the organic constituents and moieties, resulting in crack-free solid ceramic structures even at low ceramic yield. Formulation optimization alleviated sinking of printed parts during printing and prevented shape distortion. Complexsolid and porous ceramic structures with a smooth surface and sharp features are fabricated under the optimized parameters. This work provides a new method for the AM of ceramics at µm/mm scale with high surface quality and large geometry variety in an efficient way, opening the possibility for applications in fields such as micromechanical systems and microelectronic components.

Segmentation and Tracking Based on Equalized Memory Matching Network and Its Application in Electric Substation Inspection

With the wide application of deep learning, power inspection technology has made great progress. However, substation inspection videos often present challenges such as complex backgrounds, uneven lighting distribution, variations in the appearance of power equipment targets, and occlusions, which increase the difficulty of object segmentation and tracking, thereby adversely affecting the accuracy and reliability of power equipment condition monitoring. In this paper, a pixel-level equalized memory matching network (PEMMN) for power intelligent inspection segmentation and tracking is proposed. Firstly, an equalized memory matching network is designed to collect historical information about the target using a memory bank, in which a pixel-level equalized matching method is used to ensure that the reference frame information can be transferred to the current frame reliably, guiding the segmentation tracker to focus on the most informative region in the current frame. Then, to prevent memory explosion and the accumulation of segmentation template errors, a mask quality evaluation module is introduced to obtain the confidence level of the current segmentation result so as to selectively store the frames with high segmentation quality to ensure the reliability of the memory update. Finally, the synthetic feature map generated by the PEMMN and the mask quality assessment strategy are unified into the segmentation tracking framework to achieve accurate segmentation and robust tracking. Experimental results show that the method performs excellently on real substation inspection scenarios and three generalized datasets and has high practical value.

Phosphorus uptake and rhizosphere properties of alfalfa in response to phosphorus fertilizer types in sandy soil and saline-alkali soil

IntroductionPhosphorus (P) fertilizer is critical to maintain a high yield and quality of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). There are several fertilizer types and soil types in China, and the application of a single type of P fertilizer may not be suitable for present-day alfalfa production.MethodsIn order to select the optimal combination of alfalfa and soil type and fertilizer type for improving P utilization efficiency. We conducted a greenhouse pot experiment, calcium superphosphate (SSP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KP), and no-fertilizer control treatments were applied to alfalfa in sandy and saline-alkali soils. The response of alfalfa root morphology and rhizosphere processes to different P fertilizers was investigated.Results and discussionThe results showed that shoot biomass of alfalfa was slightly higher in sandy soil than in saline–alkali soil. Shoot biomass of alfalfa increased by 223%-354% in sandy soil under P treatments compared with the control, and total root length increased significantly by 74% and 53% in DAP and SSP treatments, respectively. In saline–alkali soil, alfalfa shoot biomass was significantly increased by 229% and 275% in KP and DAP treatments, and total root length was increased by 109% only in DAP treatment. Net P uptake of alfalfa in DAP treatment was the highest in both soils, which were 0.73 and 0.54 mg plant-1, respectively. Alfalfa shoot P concentration was significantly positively correlated with shoot and root biomass (P < 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001) whereas negatively correlated with acid phosphatase concentration (P < 0.05). Improvement of plant growth and P uptake induced by P fertilizer application was greater in sandy soil than in saline–alkali soil. DAP and KP was the most efficient P fertilizers in both sandy soil and saline–alkali soil.

Exploring FSO link performance in varied atmospheric conditions to optimize 5G communication with a polarized quasi-diffuse transmitter

Abstract Free space optical (FSO) communication is an innovative technology that holds immense promise for numerous applications thanks to its high data transmission rates, rapid scalability, cost-effectiveness, superior security, and comprehensive capacity access techniques for Gbps data transmission. FSO communication relies on the Earth’s atmosphere as the medium, which introduces atmospheric disturbances that have driven the development of spatial diversity techniques aimed at enhancing the technology’s performance. Our proposed system employs a polarized quasi-diffused system with a fork as a spatial diversity scheme, which eliminates the need for multiple transmitters. We have developed a model that integrates both simulation designs to achieve optimal results. The proposed model has demonstrated excellent performance under various atmospheric turbulences, including rain, fog, and haze, exhibiting a very high maximum quality factor, improved received power, and better bit error rate (BER). Finally, we have obtained, analyzed, and extensively discussed the simulation results to provide a comprehensive understanding of the proposed model’s potential benefits. Our simulations show a maximum quality factor of 23 compared to existing models in much better, a 34 % increase in received power, and a 31 % decrease in BER compared to existing models. These results highlight the potential benefits of the proposed model for FSO communication systems.

A modified co-production framework for improved cross-border collaboration in sustainable forest management and conservation of forest bird populations

The border between Canada and the United States poses jurisdictional challenges when it comes to consistently implementing science-based conservation of forests and their biological communities. Through a partnership with the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, Boreal Avian Modelling Project, and American Bird Conservancy, we developed a co-production framework to conduct research that will inform forest management practices for bird conservation in the cross-border region of Bird Conservation Region 12. Our framework first responds to the needs of resource managers and other perceived stakeholders, while investing in relationship-building for long term trust as a foundation for future partnerships with Indigenous rights holders and landowners. Our central question was: How can sustainably managed forests create and/or maintain high quality breeding habitat to support forest bird populations that are resilient to climate change? Engaging with experts in Canada and the United States, we found that the main driver for addressing our central question was our limitation in connecting bird population responses to specific forest management practices. We describe how experts are contributing avian count and forest inventory data that researchers will use to produce a requested decision-support tool. We continue to engage with land managers to link forest resource inventory data to specific forest management practices and refine the components of products by including more diverse perspectives.

Effective ecological monitoring using passive acoustic sensors: Recommendations for conservation practitioners

AbstractPassive acoustic recorders have emerged as powerful tools for ecological monitoring. However, effective monitoring is not simply an act of recording sounds. To have meaning for conservation and management, acoustic monitoring needs to be properly planned and analyzed to yield high quality information. Here, we provide a set of considerations for the design of an effective acoustic monitoring program. We argue that such a program, has the following attributes: (1) has established appropriate partnerships with landowners, Traditional Owners, researchers, or other relevant stakeholders, (2) is based on clear objectives and questions, (3) is explicit in its target sound signals, (4) has considered in‐field sensor placement for a range of factors, including experimental design, statistical power, background noise, and potential impacts on human privacy and animal disturbance, (5) has a justified recording schedule and periodicity, (6) has methods to process sound data in line with objectives, and (7) has protocols for permanent data storage and access. Acoustic monitoring is increasingly used in large‐scale programs and will be important in addressing global biodiversity targets and new biodiversity markets. It is critical that new monitoring programs are designed to effectively and efficiently capture data that address pertinent and emerging issues in conservation.

Preventable trauma deaths in the Western Cape of South Africa: A consensus-based panel review.

Injury causes 4.4 million deaths worldwide annually. 90% of all injury-related deaths occur in low-and-middle income countries. Findings from expert-led trauma death reviews can inform strategies to reduce trauma deaths. A cohort of trauma decedents was identified from an on-going study in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. For each case, demographics, injury characteristics, time and location of death and postmortem findings were collected. An expert multidisciplinary panel of reviewed each case, determined preventability and made recommendations for improvement. Analysis of preventable and non-preventable cases was performed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. A rapid qualitative analysis of recommendations was conducted and descriptively summarized. 138 deaths (48 deceased-on-scene and 90 pre- or in-hospital deaths) were presented to 23 panelists. Overall, 46 (33%) of deaths reviewed were considered preventable or potentially preventable. Of all pre- and in-hospital deaths, late deaths (>24 hours) were more frequently preventable (22, 56%) and due to multi-organ failure and sepsis, compared to early deaths (≤24 hours) with 32 (63%) that were non-preventable and due to central nervous system injury and haemorrhage. 45% of pre and in-hospital deaths were preventable or potentially preventable. The expert panel recommended strengthening community based primary prevention strategies for reducing interpersonal violence alongside health system improvements to facilitate high quality care. For the health system the panel's key recommendations included improving team-based care, adherence to trauma protocols, timely access to radiology, trauma specialists, operative and critical care.